Many reform leaders were multilingual and used vernacular presses to reach people.

Reform societies often doubled as debating clubs and modern schools.

Several movement leaders like Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Vivekananda engaged extensively with global audiences and British officials.

Print culture created celebrity reformers — pamphlets and speeches spread reputations across regions.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy corresponded with British officials to press for legal reforms.

Young Bengal debates at Hindu College often led to expulsions of radical students.

Sir Syed argued for cooperation with British to modernise Muslim education — controversial at the time.

Deoband established a vast network of seminaries that influenced Islamic thought across South Asia.

Annie Besant (Theosophical) later became active in political Home Rule movement.

Savitribai Phule was among the earliest women educators in India and set up girls' schools.

Raja Rammohan Roy travelled to England in 1830 as an envoy of Mughal Emperor Akbar II.

He was given the title 'Raja' by the Mughal Emperor.

He died in Bristol, England, in 1833.

Debendranath Tagore was called 'Maharshi' (great sage).

Keshab Chandra Sen’s daughter married into the Tagore family, creating controversy due to age issues.

Rabindranath Tagore was influenced by Brahmo ideals in his early education.

M.G. Ranade, a key supporter, was also known as the 'Socrates of Maharashtra'.

Prarthana Samaj services included prayers, hymns, and readings from Hindu scriptures but without idol worship.

The society’s reform activities inspired other provincial organizations in India.

Swami Dayanand wrote the book *Satyarth Prakash* (The Light of Truth).

Arya Samaj rejected rituals and superstitions but used modern institutions like schools and print media.

Dayanand Saraswati died in 1883 after being poisoned in Jodhpur.

Vivekananda wore saffron robes at the Chicago Parliament of Religions and began his speech with 'Sisters and Brothers of America', which received a standing ovation.

The Mission became one of the earliest modern NGOs, combining religion with social service.

It was among the first Indian movements to gain worldwide recognition.

Sir Syed is considered the 'Architect of Modern Muslim Education' in India.

He promoted Urdu as a unifying language for Indian Muslims.

He faced criticism from orthodox sections but persisted with reform.

Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai opened the first girls’ school in Pune (1848).

Phule dedicated his book *Gulamgiri* to the American abolitionists who fought against slavery.

Phule is often regarded as 'Mahatma' for his social justice work.

Annie Besant was once a socialist and atheist in Britain before turning to theosophy.

The Adyar Library and Research Centre, established by the Society, holds rare manuscripts in Sanskrit, Pali, and other languages.

Theosophical Society influenced Indian leaders like Gandhi, Nehru, and Rukmini Devi Arundale.

Derozio was only 22 years old when he died of cholera, yet left a huge intellectual impact.

He introduced debates and free-thinking clubs in Calcutta for students.

The movement is sometimes called 'Young India Movement'.

Members used to take a secret oath before joining.

Inter-dining practice shocked orthodox society in mid-19th century.

Though small in scale, it was one of the first attempts at organized social reform in India.

Vidyasagar walked miles barefoot to study in Calcutta due to poverty.

He simplified the Bengali alphabet and typeface, making printing easier.

His compassion and philanthropy earned him legendary respect among common people.

The Singh Sabha leaders used modern print culture to counter Christian and Arya Samaj publications.

Akali volunteers were called 'Akali Jathas' and often faced police repression.

The Akali Movement is considered both a religious and political movement.

Periyar broke Ganesha idols in public to challenge superstition and orthodoxy.

The title 'Periyar' means 'Respected One', given by Tamil people.

He opposed Hindi imposition in Tamil Nadu, influencing Dravidian linguistic politics.

Dharma Sabha filed petitions to defend traditional practices like sati.

The Wahabis ran a network of madrassas and training camps in NW India.

Faraizi Movement banned un-Islamic customs like paying landlord taxes during religious ceremonies.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan faced strong opposition from orthodox Muslims for supporting modern education.

Many reform organizations also published journals which became vehicles for public opinion.

Some reform leaders later became active in the Indian National Congress.